Synthetix founder Kain has raised concerns about Ethereum’s economic stability, citing the expanding Layer 2 (L2) network and the introduction of EIP-4844 as contributing factors. He argues that L2 solutions are diverting revenue traditionally associated with the mainnet, potentially leading to decreased profitability in the future. This trend could intensify with emerging alternatives like Celestia, which utilize data availability technology. Kain suggests short-term solutions like official L2 support or rental mechanisms to facilitate wider mainnet participation. He envisions a long-term solution through innovations centered on tokenized real-world assets, focusing the community’s efforts on enhancing usage across both Layer 1 and Layer 2 applications. He emphasizes that the Ethereum community possesses unique coordination advantages but should prioritize resource allocation for breakthrough innovations at the application layer to counter competition from L2 solutions and other data availability techniques.