Concerns are growing that the rise of quantum computers could render cryptocurrencies and blockchain networks vulnerable, with prominent figure Vitalik Buterin sounding the alarm. While modern cryptography relies on classical computer limitations, quantum processors possess the potential to crack encryption algorithms within the next two decades, endangering financial transactions, digital currencies, and even personal communications. 2040 is when a quantum computer powerful enough to break existing cryptography may appear according to Metaculus forecasts, while Buterin highlights that this risk is significant enough to warrant immediate action. The discussion centers on maintaining trust in cryptocurrencies’ fundamental security, especially as blockchains and proof systems become susceptible to attack under pressure from quantum technologies. Some argue that the solution lies in new cryptographic approaches like STARKs which are evolving into more robust zero-knowledge structures, while others point out the importance of proactive research into post-quantum cryptography. Despite the urgency, it’s important to note that work is already underway to develop algorithms resistant to quantum attacks and improve zk-proofs and STARKs as potential alternatives. However, Buterin emphasizes a clear message: the crypto industry cannot afford to wait and must address this threat now.