A recent study from the University of Maryland and the University of California has revealed significant security vulnerabilities within GEO satellite communications networks. These geostationary satellites, which provide internet and phone service to remote areas, are broadcasting sensitive data that can be intercepted with relatively inexpensive equipment costing around $600. Researchers discovered a substantial amount of unencrypted data, including encryption keys for cellular communication, SMS messages, and even critical infrastructure information. The study involved installing a consumer-grade satellite dish on the roof of a university building in San Diego, observing 39 GEO satellites. They found that data from a single satellite transponder could be visible from an area covering up to 40% of Earth’s surface, highlighting the ease with which this data can be intercepted. The researchers emphasized the critical need for improved encryption practices. They recommend using VPN services like those offered by ProtonVPN or ExpressVPN, which conceal IP addresses and encrypt data, as well as end-to-end encrypted messaging apps such as Signal or Telegram. 1 Researchers informed several major satellite communication providers about the vulnerabilities, but were unable to identify a single entity responsible for implementing encryption across GEO satellite networks. Some providers have taken steps to address the issue, although the researchers noted that there is no clear authority enforcing encryption standards. This study focused on geostationary systems and did not examine lower Earth orbit (LEO) systems like SpaceX’s Starlink, which requires more sophisticated receiving hardware for analysis. The researchers believe these links are encrypted but have not independently verified this information.