The cryptocurrency community has a reason for concern, as Bitcoin’s transaction fees have dropped to a 13-year low. This significant drop poses questions about the long-term security of Bitcoin’s Proof-of-Work (PoW) model. Understanding how this happens is crucial. Bitcoin relies on miners who use massive computing power to solve complex mathematical problems, securing transactions and earning rewards. These rewards are vital for maintaining the network’s stability and incentivizing participation from miners. However, recent halvings have reduced block rewards while fees remain significantly low. This presents a potential challenge for Bitcoin’s security in the long term. 51% attacks are possible on a larger scale if miner revenue shrinks. The consequence of this would be a complete halt to new transactions, along with potentially other actions such as double-spending. The debate centers around whether the current fee environment will sustain sufficient revenue to support the massive hash rate needed for these defenses. While some believe in continued growth and increased demand, others are skeptical about long-term sustainability. As a result, the community grapples with potential structural changes like tail issuance or transitioning to Proof-of-Stake (PoS). The implications of Bitcoin’s stability extend beyond the cryptocurrency realm, impacting the entire crypto ecosystem, from DeFi to institutional adoption. This discussion highlights how blockchain technology is constantly evolving and that addressing security concerns remains a priority for all stakeholders in the space.