In a significant ruling that challenges conventional fraud laws in the DeFi space, U.S. Federal Judge Arun Subramanian overturned Avraham Eisenberg’s conviction in the $110 million Mango Markets exploit. The judge deemed insufficient evidence of intentional deception within the protocol’s permissionless and automated nature to support the initial charges. While Eisenberg was cleared of the original charges, he remains incarcerated for unrelated legal matters. This landmark decision offers a precedent for future DeFi cases involving similar protocols. It also sheds light on the ongoing challenge of adapting existing legal frameworks to address the complexities inherent in open, automated smart contracts. Notably, this case mirrors past